Reactive trisazo dyes

ABSTRACT

The present invention refers to trisazo dyes of the formula I  
                 
 
     or an alkali metal salt thereof;  
     wherein:  
     Ar 1  is an optionally substituted arylene group;  
     Ar 2  is an optionally substituted aryl group;  
     R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , X 1  and X 2  are defined as given in claim 1;  
     each of D 1  and D 2 , independently, is a chromophore group of the formula  
                 
 
     wherein the variables are defined as given in claim 1,  
     a process for their preparation and a process for colouring fibre material containing a group reactive with a reactive dye.

[0001] This invention relates to reactive dyes containing two units each comprising a monoazo chromophore linked to a triazinylamino group, each of which units is linked by a diamine unit disposed between the triazine rings.

[0002] GB-A-1283771 discloses a range of reactive diamine dyes of the formula (A)

[0003] where D is naphthylazo-phenylene or -naphthalene containing at least 3 sulphonic acid groups, R is H or an optional substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl group and the linking group —N(H)—X—N(H)— is derived specifically from a phenylene, diphenylene or naphthalene diamine. They offer a degree of fixation over a wide range of liquor to goods ratios and provide shades of very good light fastness.

[0004] WO-A-99/05223 discloses a range of dyes in which the diamine unit disposed between the triazine rings itself forms part of a chromophoric group. Such dyes have the formula

[0005] wherein:

[0006] Ar₁ is an optionally substituted arylene group;

[0007] Ar₂ is an optionally substituted aryl group;

[0008] each of D¹ and D², independently, is a chromophoric group;

[0009] each of R¹, R², R³ and R⁴, independently, is H or alkyl; and

[0010] each of X¹ and X² independently, is a labile atom or group.

[0011] Such dyes provide excellent build up properties, as well as excellent light fastness and aqueous solubility. Moreover, the dyes offer a degree of fixation over a wide range of liquor to goods ratios.

[0012] However, none of the dyes disclosed in the abovementioned documents provide a particularly strong or bright yellow, reddish yellow or red shade with good migration properties, excellent build-up and good fastness properties.

[0013] Thus, the problem addressed by the invention is to provide such a dye capable of giving, particularly on cellulosic fabrics, a strong, bright yellow, reddish yellow or red shade with good migration properties, excellent build-up and which dyes are particularly easy and economical to produce.

[0014] We find surprisingly that it is possible to solve the abovementioned problems by the use of a trisazo dye in which two monoazo triazine dyes, the respective monoazo dye components of which are each based on a sulphonated naphthol, especially sulpho-J-acid, as coupling component and a markedly electron deficient aromatic amine as diazo component, are linked, via the respective triazine groups, by a diamine unit which itself forms part of a monoazo chromophore. Moreover, such dyes colour cloth more economically than those of WO-A-99/05223.

[0015] Thus, according to one aspect the invention provides a trisazo dye of the formula (I)

[0016] or an alkali metal salt thereof;

[0017] wherein:

[0018] Ar₁ is an optionally substituted arylene group;

[0019] Ar₂ is an optionally substituted aryl group;

[0020] each of R¹, R², R³ and R⁴, independently, is H, alkyl or phenyl;

[0021] each of X¹ and X², independently, is a labile atom or group; and

[0022] each of D¹ and D² ₁ independently, is a chromophore group of the formula

[0023] wherein:

[0024] Ar₃ is an aryl group;

[0025] Y is a vinyl or allyl group or the group —CH₂CH₂V

[0026] in which V is a leaving group;

[0027] a is zero, 1, 2 or 3;

[0028] b is zero, 1 or 2;

[0029] at least one of a and b is at least 1;

[0030] c is zero or 1 and when c is 1, the group SO₃H on the naphthalene nucleus is substituted at the 5- or 6-position thereof; and

[0031] the bond (1) is substituted at the 6-, 7- or 8-position of the naphthalene nucleus.

[0032] In the above formula (I), each of X¹ and X², independently, is preferably a halogen atom or a pyridinium salt. More preferably, each of X¹ and X², independently, is F or Cl and most preferably each of X¹ and X² is Cl.

[0033] It is also preferred that each of R¹, R², R³ and R⁴, independently, is H or C₁₋₅ alkyl, especially hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or n- or i-propyl.

[0034] The group Ar₁ is preferably an optionally substituted phenylene, naphthylene or diphenylene group and more preferably forms part of a dye having the formula (II)

[0035] wherein:

[0036] Ar₁ is a phenylene, naphthylene or diphenylene group;

[0037] each of A¹¹ and B¹¹, independently, is optionally present and is a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a hydroxy group, a carboxyl group or a sulphonic acid group or a salt thereof;

[0038] C¹¹ is a methyl group;

[0039] x is zero or 1; and

[0040] each of D¹, D², R¹, R², R³, R⁴, X¹, X² and Ar₂ is as defined above.

[0041] A more preferred range of dyes has the formula (III)

[0042] wherein each of D¹, D², R¹, R², R³ R⁴, X¹, X², Ar₂, A¹¹, B¹¹, C¹¹ and x is as defined above.

[0043] In the above formulae (I), (II) and (III), Ar₂ is preferably an optionally substituted phenyl group, more preferably a phenyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by at least one substituent, the or each substituent independently being selected from sulphonic acid, alkyl, carboxyl, alkyl carboxylic acid ester, nitro and vinylsulphone and precursors thereof, especially at least one sulphonic acid group.

[0044] When Ar₂ is a phenyl group, this may be substituted or additionally substituted by a group of the formula

[0045] wherein Z, or each Z independently, is selected from sulphonic acid, alkyl, carboxyl, alkyl carboxylic acid ester, nitro and vinyl sulphone and precursors thereof and k is 1 or 2.

[0046] In an alternative preferred range of dyes, Ar₂ is an optionally substituted naphthalene group, which is more preferably substituted by at least one sulphonic acid group.

[0047] Referring now to the chromophoric groups D¹ and D², which may be the same as or different from one another, in each of the formulae (IV) of D¹ and D² respectively, it is preferred that each of a and b be at least 1.

[0048] Each of D¹ and D², independently, is preferably a chromophore of the formula

[0049] wherein:

[0050] d is zero, 1 or 2;

[0051] e is zero or 1;

[0052] f is zero or 1; and

[0053] Y is as defined above.

[0054] More preferably, each of D¹ and D², independently is a chromophore of the formula

[0055] wherein Y is as defined above and each of f and g, independently, is zero or 1.

[0056] Still more preferably, each of D¹ and D², independently, is a chromophore of the formula

[0057] wherein one of A and B is the group [SO₃H]_(g) in which g is zero or 1 and the other of A and B is the group SO₂Y, in which Y is as defined above.

[0058] In especially preferred respective dyes of the formula (VII),

[0059] (a) A is the group SO₂Y, in which Y is as defined above and B is the group [SO₃H]_(g), in which g is zero, and

[0060] (b) A is the group [SO₃H]_(g), in which g is 1, and B is the group SO₂Y, in which Y is as defined above.

[0061] In a preferred range of dyes alternative to those in which each of D¹ and D² is a chromophore of the formula (V), each of D¹ and D², independently, is a chromophore of the formula

[0062] wherein each of Y, d and e is as defined above.

[0063] More preferably, in such a range of dyes, each of D¹ and D², independently, is a chromophore of the formula

[0064] wherein Y is as defined above and g is zero or 1.

[0065] Still more preferably, each of D¹ and D², independently, is a chromophore of the formula

[0066] wherein one of A and B is the group [SO₃H]_(g), in which g is zero or 1, and the other of A and B is the group SO₂Y, in which Y is as defined above.

[0067] In especially preferred respective dyes of the formula (X),

[0068] (a) A is the group SO₂Y, in which Y is as defined above, and B is the group [SO₃H]_(g), in which g is zero; and

[0069] (b) A is the group [SO₃H]_(g), in which g is 1, and B is the group SO₂Y, in which Y is as defined above.

[0070] In yet another alternative preferred range of dyes, each of D¹ and D², independently is a chromophore of the formula

[0071] wherein i is 1, 2 or 3 and a group SO₃H is ortho to-the azo group; and each of Y and c is as defined above.

[0072] Especially preferred specific examples of dyes within the range of dyes of the formula (V), defined above, are respective dyes of the formula

[0073] where L is selected from:

[0074] Especially preferred specific examples of dyes within the range of dyes of the formula (IX), defined above are respective dyes of the formula

[0075] where L is selected from:

[0076] The dyestuffs of the present invention can be present as a preparation in solid or liquid (dissolved) form. In solid form they generally contain the electrolyte salts customary in the case of water-soluble and in particular fibre-reactive dyes, such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride and sodium sulfate, and also the auxiliaries customary in commercial dyes, such as buffer substances capable of establishing a pH in aqueous solution between 3 and 7, such as sodium acetate, sodium borate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate, sodium dihydrogen-phosphate and disodium hydrogenphosphate, small amounts of siccatives or, if they are present in liquid, aqueous solution (including the presence of thickeners of the type customary in print pastes), substances which ensure the permanence of these preparations, for example mold preventatives.

[0077] In general, the dyestuffs of the present invention are present as dye powders containing 10 to 80% by weight, based on the dye powder or preparation, of a strength-standardizing colorless diluent electrolyte salt, such as those mentioned above. These dye powders may additionally include the aforementioned buffer substances in a total amount of up to 10%, based on the dye powder. If the dye mixtures of the present invention are present in aqueous solution, the total dye content of these aqueous solutions is up to about 50% by weight, for example between 5 and 50% by weight, and the electrolyte salt content of these aqueous solutions will preferably be below 10% by weight, based on the aqueous solutions. The aqueous solutions (liquid preparations) may include the aforementioned buffer substances in an amount which is generally up to 10% by weight, for example 0.1 to 10% by weight, preference being given to up to 4% by weight, especially 2 to 4% by weight.

[0078] A trisazo dye of the formula (I), given and defined above, may be prepared by a process which comprises reacting an arylazodiamine of the formula (XIV)

[0079] wherein each of Ar₁, Ar₂, R³ and R⁴ is as defined above, with an equimolar proportion of each of two reactive dyes respectively of the formula

[0080] wherein each of D¹, R¹ and X¹ is as defined above and X³ is a labile atom or group capable of reaction with an amine and

[0081] wherein each of D², R² and X² is as defined above and X⁴ is a labile atom or group capable of reaction with an amine,

[0082] or when each of D¹, R¹, X¹ and X³ is the same as D², R², X² and X⁴ respectively, with two moles of a reactive dye of the formula (XV) or (XVI) per mole of the diamine of the formula (XIV),

[0083] to obtain the dye of the formula (I).

[0084] The process is preferably carried out in an aqueous solution at pH 4-6 and at a temperature of at least 30° C.

[0085] In such a process, when each of D¹, R¹ and X¹, in the formula (I), is the same as D², R² and X² respectively, a single triazine dye may be employed and this may have the formula

[0086] However, if any of D¹, R¹ and X¹ is different from D², R² and X² respectively, it is necessary to employ an additional triazine dye which may have the formula

[0087] In the respective formulae (XVII) and (XVIII), each of Ar₃, R¹, R², X¹, X², a, b and c is as defined above;

[0088] each of Ar₃, a, b and c in respective formula (XVII) and (XVIII) may be the same as or different from the other; and each of X³ and X⁴ independently is a labile atom or group capable of reaction with an amine.

[0089] Such triazine dyes may be prepared either separately or together by diazotizing one or two amine(s) of the formula

[0090] wherein each of Ar₃, a and b is as defined above; and coupling the diazotized amine(s) of the formula (XIX) to a triazine compound of the formula

[0091] wherein each of R¹, R², X¹, X², X³ and X⁴ and c is as defined above; to obtain the triazine dye(s) of the formula (XVII) and/or (XVIII).

[0092] Typically, diazotisation of the amine is carried out in an acid medium at a pH of about 2-5, using, for example, acetic, propionic or hydrochloric acid in the presence of a nitrosating agent, such as nitrosyl sulphuric acid, an alkali metal nitrite (e.g. sodium nitrite) or a C₁₋₄ alkyl nitrite (e.g. methyl nitrite) at a temperature of from −10° C. to 10° C.

[0093] The coupling reaction may be carried out by adding the diazotised amine(s) of the formula (XIX), to the triazine compound(s) of the formula (XX) and/or (XXI) in water at a temperature of from 0 to 10° C.

[0094] The triazine compound of the formula (XX) and/or (XXI), given and defined above, may be prepared by reacting an aminonaphthalenesulphonic acid compound of the formula (XXII)

[0095] wherein c is as defined above;

[0096] with a cyanuric halide of the formula (XXIII) and/or (XXIV)

[0097] wherein each of X⁵ and X⁶ is a labile atom or group capable of reaction with an amine and each of X¹, X², X³ and X⁴ is as defined above, to form the triazine compound of the formula (XX) and/or (XXI).

[0098] The reaction may be carried out by adding the aminonaphthalene sulphonic acid compound of the formula (XXII) dropwise to a slurry of the cyanuric halide of the formula (XXIII) and/or (XXIV) in an ice/water/acetone mixture.

[0099] Dyes embodying the invention may be applied alone or in admixture with other dyestuffs.

[0100] Although in this specification, dye formulae have been shown in the form of their free acid, the invention also includes dyes and processes using dyes in the salt form, particularly their salts with alkali metals such as the potassium, sodium, lithium or mixed sodium/lithium salt.

[0101] The dyes may be used for dyeing, printing or ink-jet printing, for example of textile materials and paper.

[0102] The process for colouration is preferably performed at a pH of 7.1 to 13, more preferably 10 to 12. pH levels above 7 can be achieved by performing the process for colouration in the presence of an acid-binding agent. They can be applied at any temperature from room temperature (e.g. 15° C.) to 80° C., preferably from 40 to 60° C.

[0103] The substrate may be any of fibre material such as a textile material, leather, paper, hair or film, but is preferably a natural or artificial textile material containing amino or hydroxyl groups, for example textile material such as wool, silk, polyamides and modified polyacrylonitrile fibres, and more preferably a cellulose, for example, that commercially available as Tencel. For this purpose the dyes can be applied to the textile materials at a pH above 7 by, for example, exhaust dyeing, padding or printing. Textile materials are coloured bright shades and possess good fastness to light and wet treatments such as washing.

[0104] The new dyes are particularly valuable for colouring cellulosic textile materials. For this purpose, the dyes are preferably applied to the cellulosic textile material at a pH above 7 in conjunction with a treatment with an acid-binding agent.

[0105] Preferred acid-binding agents include alkali metal carbonates, bicarbonates, hydroxides, metasilicates and mixtures thereof, for example sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium metasilicate, sodium hydroxide and the corresponding potassium salts. The dyes benefit from excellent build-up and high fixation.

[0106] The new dyes can be applied to textile materials containing amine groups, such as wool and polyamide textile materials, from a neutral to mildly alkaline dyebath. The dyeing process can be carried out at a constant or substantially constant pH, that it to say the pH of the dyebath remains constant or substantially constant during the dyeing process, or if desired the pH of the dyebath can be altered at any stage of the dyeing process.

[0107] According to yet another aspect of the invention there is provided a process for colouring a fibre material containing a group reactive with a reactive dye or a fibre blend containing the fibre material, which method comprises applying thereto a dye of the formula (1), given and defined above, preferably at a pH above 7.

[0108] Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the following Examples, in which all parts are by weight unless otherwise stated.

EXAMPLE 1

[0109] Preparation of the Dye:

[0110] where L is as chromophoric linking group of the formula

[0111] The process may be represented by the following reaction scheme.

[0112] A solution of 2-amino-5-hydroxy-1,7-naphthalene disulphonic acid (30) (39.0 g, 0.08 mol) in water (500 mls) was added dropwise to a slurry of cyanuric chloride (31) (16.2 g, 0.088 mol) in an ice/water/acetone mixture and stirred for 1 hr, furnishing a solution of the dichlorotriazinyl coupler (32).

[0113] 2N Sodium nitrite solution (51 mls) was added dropwise to an ice cold slurry of 2-amino-5-(-sulphatoethyl sulphone)benzene sulphonic acid (45.2 g, 0.093 mol) and concentrated HC1 (30 mls) in water (500 mls). After 1 hr, excess nitrous acid was destroyed, by addition of sulphamic acid, leaving a solution of the diazonium salt (33). The solution of the diazonium salt was then added to the dichlorotriazine solution (32) and the mixture allowed to warm to room temperature maintaining the pH at 6. After 4 hrs the resulting precipitate was filtered off and dried to give the reddish yellow dichlorotriazinyl dye (70 g) (34). Analytical data were in full agreement with the expected structure.

[0114] A mixture of the dichlorotriazinyl dye (34) (8.0 g, 0.007 mol) and diamine (35) (1.9 g, 0.0035 mol) in water (200 mls) at pH 5.5 was heated at 60° C. for 5 hrs, the pH being maintained by the addition of 2N sodium carbonate. The mixture was cooled and the product precipitated by the addition of methylated spirits. The precipitate was filtered off and dried to give reactive dye (1) (6.6 g) max=480 nm=75000. Analytical data were in full agreement with the expected structure.

EXAMPLES 2-26

[0115] In Examples 2-26, the chromophoric linking group L of Example 1 was replaced by the respective groups shown in Table 1 below and the dyes were prepared in a manner analogous to that of Example 1. TABLE 1 Example L max/nm 1

480 2

479 3

482 4

480 5

477 6

475 7

480 8

479 9

476 10

480 11

481 12

482 13

479 14

482 15

482 16

481 17

490 18

481 19

476 20

480 21

481 22

483 23

481 24

482 25

482 26

479

EXAMPLE 27

[0116] Preparation of the Dye:

[0117] where L is a chromophoric linking group of the formula 27

[0118] The process may be represented by the following reaction scheme.

[0119] A solution of cyanuric chloride (31) (8.1 g, 0.044 mol) in acetone (150 mls) was added dropwise to a solution of 1-amino-8-hydroxy-3,6-naphthalene disulphonic acid (36) (15.5 g, 0.04 mol) in water (300 mls) cooled to <1° C. After 1 hr, condensation to give the dichlorotriazinyl coupler (37) was complete.

[0120] 2N Sodium nitrite solution (27.5 mls) was added dropwise to an ice cold slurry of 2-amino-5-(-sulphatoethyl sulphone) benzene sulphonic acid (25.9 g, 0.05 mol) and concentrated HCl (15 mis) in water (150 mls). After 1 hr, excess nitrous acid was destroyed by addition of sulphamic acid, leaving a solution of diazonium salt (33). The solution of the diazonium salt (33) was then added to the dichlorotriazine coupler solution (37) and the mixture allowed to warm to room temperature maintaining the pH at 5. After 2 hrs, the product (38) was precipitated by the addition of methylated spirits then redissolved in water for further use.

[0121] 2-Aminonaphthalene-4,8-disulphonic acid (19.5 g, 0.05 mol) in water (200 mls) and 2N sodium nitrite solution (27.5 mls) were mixed and the resulting solution added dropwise to a stirred mixture of ice/water (100 g) and concentrated HCl (15 mls). After 1 hr, excess nitrous acid was destroyed by the addition of sulphamic acid, leaving a solution of the diazonium salt.

[0122] Meta-phenylene diamine (5.0 g, 0.045 mol) was dissolved in 2N HCl (50 mls) and the solution added to the solution of the diazonium salt. The mixture was then maintained at pH 6 for 2 hrs, and the resulting precipitate filtered off and dried to give the monoazo diamine (39) (18.7 g). Analytical data were in full agreement with the expected structure.

[0123] A mixture of the dichlorotriazinyl dye (38) (0.0046 mol) and the diamine (39) (1.25 g, 0.0023 mol) in water (170 mls) at pH 5.0 was heated at 65° C. for 3 hrs, the pH being maintained by the addition of 2N sodium carbonate. The mixture was cooled and the product precipitated by the addition of methylated spirits. The precipitate was filtered off and dried to give reactive dye (2) (6.0 g) max=502 nm=51200. Analytical data were in full agreement wit the expected structure.

EXAMPLES 28-29

[0124] In Examples 28-29, the chromophoric linking group L of Example 27 was replaced by the respective groups shown in Table 2 below and the dyes were prepared in a manner analogous to that of Example 27. TABLE 2 Exam- ple No. L max/nm 27

502 28

512 29

508 

1. Trisazo dye of the formula (I)

or an alkali metal salt thereof; wherein: Ar₁ is an optionally substituted arylene group; Ar₂ is an optionally substituted aryl group; each of R¹, R², R³ and R⁴, independently, is H, alkyl or phenyl; each of X¹ and X², independently, is a labile atom or group; and each of D¹ and D² independently, is a chromophore group of the formula

wherein: Ar₃ is an aryl group; Y is a vinyl or allyl group or the group —CH₂CH₂V in which V is a leaving group; a is zero, 1, 2 or 3; b is zero, 1 or 2; at least one of a and b is at least 1; c is zero or 1 and when c is 1, the group SO₃H on the naphthalene nucleus is substituted at the 5- or 6-position thereof; and the bond (1) is substituted at the 6-, 7- or 8-position of the naphthalene nucleus.
 2. Trisazo dye according to claim 1, wherein each of X¹ and X², independently is a halogen atom or a pyridinium salt.
 3. Trisazo dye according to claim 1 and/or 2, wherein each of R¹, R R³ and R⁴, independently is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or n- or i-propyl.
 4. Trisazo dye according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, which dye has the formula (II)

wherein: Ar₁ is a phenylene, naphthylene or diphenylene group; each of A¹¹ and B¹¹, independently, is optionally present and is a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a hydroxy group, a carboxyl group or a sulphonic acid group or a salt thereof; C¹¹ is a methyl group; x is zero or 1; and each of D¹, D², R¹, R², R³, R⁴, X¹, X² and Ar₂ is as defined in claim
 1. 5. Trisazo dye according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, which dye has the formula (III)

wherein each of D¹, D² R¹, R² R³ R⁴, X¹, X², Ar₂, A¹¹, B¹¹, C¹¹ and x is as defined in claim
 1. 6. Trisazo dye according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, wherein each of D¹ and D², independently, is a chromophore of the formula

wherein: d is zero, 1 or 2; e is zero or 1; f is zero or 1; and Y is as defined in claim
 1. 7. Trisazo dye according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, wherein wherein each of D¹ and D², independently, is a chromophore of the formula

wherein: d is zero, 1 or 2; e is zero or 1; f is zero or 1; and Y is as defined in claim
 1. 8. Trisazo dye according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, wherein each of D¹ and D² independently is a chromophore of the formula

wherein i is 1, 2 or 3 and a group SO₃H is ortho to the azo group; and each of Y, c and (1) is as defined in claim
 1. 9. A process for preparing a trisazo dye of the formula (1), given and defined in claim 1, which process comprises reacting an arylazodiamine of the formula (XIV)

wherein each of Ar₁, Ar₂, R³ and R⁴ is as defined in claim 1, with an equimolar proportion of each of two reactive dyes respectively of the formula

wherein each of D¹, R¹ and X¹ is as defined in claim 1 and X³ is a labile atom or group capable of reaction with an amine and

wherein each of D², R² and X² is as defined in claim 1 and X⁴ is a labile atom or group capable of reaction with an amine, or when each of D¹, R¹, X¹ and X³ is the same as D², R², X² and X⁴ respectively, with two moles of a reactive dye of the formula (XV) or (XVI) per mole of the diamine of the formula (XIV), to obtain the dye of the formula (I).
 10. A process for colouring fibre material containing a group reactive with a reactive dye or a fibre blend containing the fibre material, which method comprises applying thereto a trisazo dye of the formula (1), given and defined in claim
 1. 